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American Innovators for Patent Reform (AIPR), a non-profit organization based in New York City, is a coalition of inventors, patent owners, researchers, engineers, entrepreneurs, corporate executives, patent agents and attorneys, and others involved in creating or protecting innovation and advocating for stronger patent protection〔(AIPR website, “Patent Reform by American Innovators,” )〕 in the ongoing debate on patent reform. AIPR is opposed to the Innovation Act (H.R. 9) that was recently introduced in Congress. American Innovators for Patent Reform believes that the Innovation Act has nothing to do with "innovation," and that it is an attempt by "Big Tech" to make it riskier and more expensive for inventors, small and start-up businesses, and universities to assert their intellectual property rights. AIPR supports full funding for the Patent Office, a 21st Century multi-tier patent system, reduced patent pendency, stronger U.S. Patents, and more vigorous patent enforcement. ==Amendments and changes to patent law== Since the United States Congress passed the first Patent Act of 1790, additional amendments were passed in 1793, 1836, 1839, 1870, 1897, 1903, 1928 and 1939. A complete revision of the Patent Act took place in 1952 and is the current law of patents, although it has been amended several times, with substantive legislation in 1999 the most recent.〔(Shubha Ghosh, E-Notes.com, “Patent Acts” )〕 The Intellectual Property and Communications Omnibus Reform Act of 1999〔(“Intellectual Property and Communications Omnibus Reform Act of 1999” )〕 expanded patent and copyright protections to cover activity on the internet and protections for new forms of media, against cybersquatting, domain name protection for personal names and a new compulsory license for Satellite Carriers. The Ominbus Reform Act also included additional protections for U.S. patent holders, including the American Inventors Protection Act, First Inventor Defense Act, Patent Term Guarantee Act, Domestic Publication of Foreign Filed and Patent Applications Act. The Patent Reform Act of 2005, introduced into the 109th Congress, and the Patent Reform Act of 2007, introduced into the 110th Congress, were substantial rewritings of the entire Patent Act of 1952 but both failed to pass and be signed into law. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「American Innovators for Patent Reform」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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